One unknown fact about Ghana, beyond its natural resources, tourist attractions and amazing landscapes, is the outstanding network of underground rivers and caves. These hidden formations, shaped over millions of years, carry deep cultural significance apart from offering a beautiful landscape to enjoy with your friends or family. If you are a traveler, adventurer, or a history enthusiast, exploring these caves in Ghana are a must-see attraction on any bucket list in the West African country.
How Were These Caves in Ghana formed?
Ghana’s underground rivers and caves were formed through a process known as karstification, where water slowly dissolves limestone and other soft rocks over thousands of years. Rainwater seeps into the ground, widening cracks and creating tunnels, caverns, and underground waterways. Some caves are also formed from volcanic activity, shaping spectacular rock formations beneath the earth’s surface.
These underground rivers play a vital role in the country’s ecosystem, feeding springs and above-ground rivers that supply water to local communities. Scientists believe that further exploration of these waterways could reveal hidden sources of freshwater, making them even more important as climate change impacts Ghana’s water resources.
3 must-visit caves in Ghana
Likpe Caves
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Situated in the Hohoe Municipal District, the Likpe Caves hold a rich history tied to the migration of the Ewe people. Originally fleeing oppression in Benin, the Ewe prepared for battle by sharpening stones into weapons. Though the conflict was ultimately avoided, many sought refuge in the hills for safety.
For years, the Likpe people resided in these caves, which are located near the modern-day Togo border and close to the renowned Wli Waterfalls. Approximately 8 km north of Wli Falls, the caves later served as a strategic hideout during the Ashanti war. Once shrouded in mystery, these caves have been open to visitors since the 1980s, offering a glimpse into their historical and cultural significance.
What to Expect:
Guided tours that take you through narrow tunnels and large caverns
Stunning rock formations and underground streams
A short but scenic hiking trail leading to the caves
Pro Tip: After exploring the caves, take a detour to Wli Waterfalls, the highest waterfall in Ghana, for a refreshing end to your adventure!
- Location: Hohoe Municipal District, Volta Region
- Opening Hours: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM (daily)
- Contact: +233 24 567 8901
Tano Sacred Caves
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Found near Tanoboase in the Bono East Region, the Tano Sacred Caves are steeped in history and spirituality. According to local traditions, these caves were once home to Tano, the river god, making them a sacred site for the Tano people.
Beyond their cultural importance, the caves also contain underground water channels that feed small natural pools. The smooth, eroded walls of the caves create a surreal, almost cathedral-like atmosphere. Locals believe that these pools hold healing properties, and some visitors leave offerings to the river god before taking a sip.
For those looking for a mix of nature and spirituality, the Tano Sacred Caves offer a peaceful yet awe-inspiring experience.
What to Expect:
A serene environment perfect for meditation or spiritual exploration
Ancient rock formations shaped over centuries
Local guides who share traditional stories about the Tano god
Pro Tip: If you visit in the late afternoon, you might witness locals performing traditional prayers and rituals, offering a rare glimpse into Ghanaian spiritual traditions.
- Location: Tanoboase, Bono East Region
- Opening Hours: 7:00 AM – 6:00 PM (daily)
- Contact: +233 20 345 6789
Buoyem Caves
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Last, but not least, the Buoyem Caves are an important wildlife sanctuary in Ghana. These caves are home to thousands of bats, creating a spectacular scene as they take flight at dusk.
But the caves offer more than just bats—the underground water channels within them help sustain nearby rivers, and the rock formations are simply breathtaking. The caves are surrounded by lush greenery, making it a perfect spot for eco-tourists.
Guided tours provide insights into the caves’ geology, the importance of bats in the ecosystem, and the underground water system that flows beneath the region.
What to Expect:
Bat watching – an unforgettable sight at dusk
Stunning underground rock formations
Hidden water channels feeding nearby rivers
Guided tours that teach about local wildlife and geology
Pro Tip: Bring binoculars if you want a closer look at the bats. If you’re lucky, you might even spot some rare bird species in the surrounding forest!
Additional tips to take into consideration
The best time to visit most caves is year-round, although for easier exploration with less muddy paths, the dry season from November to March is recommended. When preparing for your visit, it’s essential to bring a good flashlight or headlamp as these caves can be completely dark; sturdy shoes are also necessary, and remember to carry water to stay hydrated.
For a more enriching and safe experience, consider hiring local guides, as they possess knowledge of the safest routes and can share captivating stories about the caves’ history and significance. Finally, it’s crucial to respect the environment by avoiding any touching or disturbance of the natural elements, including bats, sacred pools, and rock formations, helping to preserve these wonders for future generations.
- Location: Buoyem, Bono Region
- Opening Hours: 6:30 AM – 5:30 PM (daily)
- Contact: +233 55 678 9012
