A new report by the The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) predicts that the country’s population will reach 52.47 million by 2050. This significant increase represents a challenge but also an opportunity for the West African nation in terms of economic growth.
Compared to the 30.8 million figure of the Ghana’s population census of 2021, this would mean a population increase of 70.36% by 2050 and a steady rise during the next decade. Following the GSS prediction, by 2040, Ghana would reach 44.7 million people and a staggering 52.47 million ten years later.
But what would that mean for Ghana? What effects could that population increase have on the West African country? Keep reading as we discuss the challenges and the opportunities that will come with it.
Challenges that Ghana might face due to a population surge
Ghana’s projection in population growth to over 50 million by 2050 presents significant challenges that will require strategic planning. This is especially true for the Greater Accra region, the most populated administrative region in Ghana. Over 5 million people live in this area, accounting for 17,7% of the country’s total population.
Whether what’s bound to happen it’s still uncertain, but here are some key areas of concern that should be addressed:
A shift in Demographics
The GSS demographics projection suggests that Ghana’s population is aging. That means the proportion of children aged between 0 and 14 years is declining. This situation can certainly impact the social dynamics of the country and the education system. Population considered to be of working age (15-59 years) is projected to increase from 19,286,525 (2024 data) to 22,122,580 in 2030.
On the other hand, the age group of people over 60 will increase. According to the report, the population aged 60 years and older increased from 1,991,736 in 2021 to 2,104,935 persons in 2024. By 2030, it is estimated to rise to 2,485,951.
Strain in Infrastructures
The biggest concern of a rapidly growing population is the direct effect it can have on the demand for housing, which could potentially lead to a shortage in housing and therefore, less affordable options. A growing demand in the water supply can also be a challenge to overcome in the next decades.
Some areas in Ghana, but especially in the Greater Accra area, will also experience faster growth than others, presenting difficult challenges for all its inhabitants.
Traffic Congestion
Cities like Accra are already dealing with heavy traffic, and other big cities might face even worse conditions, resulting in longer travel times and less productivity.
Economic Pressures
The biggest challenge with a sudden increase in population is definitely finding enough jobs. It will be a priority to create enough employment opportunities to support the growing workforce and avoid issues like unemployment and poverty.
On the other hand, if the economy isn’t growing fast enough to match the population increase, we could see a rise in income inequality.
Social Services Strain
It’s no secret that the education system in Ghana is already facing challenges, so it’s a no-brainer that expanding educational infrastructure and resources to accommodate a larger student population will be necessary to ensure quality education for everyone.
The Ghanaian healthcare system will present one of the most difficult challenges to overcome. Major efforts will be needed in preventive care, treatment and public health initiatives in order to provide the minimal required services for a growing population.
As people live longer, we’ll see a rise in the elderly population, which means the country will need more social protection programs to support those who are vulnerable.
Environmental Challenges
Mole National Park, Ghana’s largest wildlife refuge
A growing population might push us to use up natural resources like forests and water way too fast. As many other nations, Ghana is at risk from climate change effects, including severe weather and rising sea levels. These issues could get even worse with more people around.
Pollution and food waste are additional problems that can affect industrial operations, transportation, and waste management, which can lead to harmful effects on public health and the environment.
Opportunities of Ghana Expanding its Population
Ghana’s population is set to grow and surpass 50 million by 2050, which brings some exciting opportunities for economic development and social progress. Here are a few key areas where this growing population can truly have an impact:
Economic Growth
A major effect of a population surge is that it results in a larger workforce, which can boost productivity and drive economic growth.
At the same time, as more people come into the picture, the demand for goods and services will boost economic activity, innovation, entrepreneurship, and the launch of new businesses, which will create more jobs.
Increased Productivity
Having a big young population can really be a great advantage. The report indicates that Ghana is likely to keep seeing a “youth bulge,” meaning a large chunk of its population will be made up of young adults aged 15 to 34.
A diverse demographic, joined by a young and educated workforce, can provide plenty of opportunities for economic growth and development, as well as increased productivity.
Infrastructure Development
Image of the Marine Drive Accra Project, an ambitious development initiative set to redefine the city’s skyline
Adding 20 million to Ghana’s current population in the span of the next 25 years would require accommodation to a growing urban population, driving infrastructure development, transportation and more housing.
These new urban areas would serve as economic hubs, attracting investment and creating new job opportunities.
Global Leadership and increased Trade
A larger population can increase Ghana’s global market size and attract foreign investment. This could potentially direct Ghana towards a position of leadership within the West African region and globally.
Sustainable Development
Population growth can be an opportunity to promote sustainable development, the promotion of renewable energy, green industries, and environmental protection.
Tackling these challenges and opportunities will require an effective approach from the government, civil society, and the private sector. Investing in education, healthcare, infrastructure, and sustainable development will be essential for Ghana to manage its population growth successfully.
