With its diversified climate and fertile lands, Ghana belongs to those countries where seasonal produce is abundant and plays a notable role in the country’s economy and cuisine. Keep reading to know all about the month-by-month seasonal produce in Ghana and the locally grown types of fruits and vegetables you can get all year round.
Seasonal Produce in Ghana: The Agricultural Calendar
Ghana’s agricultural calendar is generally divided into two main seasons: the major rainy season and the minor rainy season. The major rainy season usually runs from April to October, while the minor rainy season occurs from November to March. These seasons significantly influence the types of fruits and vegetables available throughout the year.
January to March: Early Harvests
As the year begins, the dry season prevails, especially in the northern regions. However, this is also a time when certain crops begin to flourish.
Vegetables: Early vegetables like tomatoes, carrots, and cabbage start becoming available. Tomatoes, in particular, are harvested in January and February and are widely used in Ghanaian stews and sauces or like the famous jollof rice.
Fruits: Citrus fruits such as oranges and grapefruits are plentiful during this time, offering a refreshing taste in the dry heat. Pineapples also begin to ripen, providing a sweet and juicy option for consumers.
An outdoor market in Accra
April to June: Peak Season for Many Fruits and Vegetables
With the arrival of the major rainy season, the agricultural landscape transforms, leading to an abundance of produce.
Vegetables: This period sees a surge in the availability of leafy greens such as spinach, amaranth, and kontomire (cocoyam leaves), which by the way, is a great vegan dish option! These vegetables are staples in many traditional Ghanaian dishes.
Fruits: April marks the peak of the mango season, with various varieties becoming available. Ghanaians relish mangoes for their sweetness and versatility, using them in salads, juices, and desserts. Additionally, the end of this period sees the arrival of watermelons and pawpaws (papayas), both of which are refreshing choices as temperatures rise.
July to September: Mid-Year Abundance
The rainy season continues, and farmers harvest various crops, leading to a vibrant selection of produce.
Vegetables: Okra and eggplant come into season around July. Okra is a key ingredient in soups and stews, while eggplant is often used in various dishes, adding texture and flavor. Okra is a great ingredient for vegans or vegetarians!
Fruits: The end of the mango season transitions into the arrival of bananas and plantains. These staples are vital in Ghanaian cuisine, often served as a side dish or a main ingredient in dishes like kelewele (spicy fried plantains). Additionally, the late summer brings an increase in the availability of guavas, which are commonly enjoyed fresh or as juice.
Plantains and yams in an outdoor market in Accra
October to December: The Transition to the Dry Season
As the year draws to a close, the climate shifts once again, marking the onset of the dry season. This period can be a transitional phase for some crops.
Vegetables: In October, crops like cassava and sweet potatoes begin to be harvested. These root vegetables are fundamental in Ghanaian cooking, used in a variety of dishes from fufu to porridge.
Fruits: This season sees the end of some fruit varieties, but others come into play. Avocados become available, particularly in November, offering a creamy addition to salads and local dishes. By December, the focus shifts to local nuts like groundnuts (peanuts), which are harvested and used in various culinary applications.
Tips for Shopping Seasonal Produce in Ghana
- Visit Local Markets: Frequenting local markets like Kaneshie Market, Makola or Kantamanto Market in Accra can provide insights into what is currently in season. Engaging with local vendors can also lead to discovering lesser-known fruits and vegetables. Here is a more in-depth guide on local markets you can visit in Accra to buy fresh groceries.
- Ask Locals: Ghanaians have a deep understanding of their produce seasons. Engaging with local chefs or residents can enhance your knowledge and help you discover seasonal specialties.
- Grow Your Own: If you have the space, consider growing your own fruits and vegetables. Many crops thrive in Ghana’s climate and can provide fresh produce year-round.
- Be Flexible: Be open to trying new fruits and vegetables that may not be part of your usual diet. Seasonal eating is an opportunity to expand your culinary repertoire. This guide will give you a great insight into all the types of fruits in Ghana and their names (some have very interesting names!).
- Support Organic Farmers: Whenever possible, look for organic or sustainably grown produce. Many local farmers are adopting organic practices, providing healthier options for consumers.
