Ghana has a rich architectural heritage that spans centuries. Exploring architecture in Ghana is like stepping back in time and the best way to learn about its culture and people.
From old, traditional houses to modern, amazing buildings, Ghanaian architecture reflects how the country has blended its past with the present, creating unique and interesting designs that fit perfectly with the environment and its people.
Indigenous Architecture: The Foundation of Ghanaian Building Traditions
Ghana’s architectural roots can be traced back to its indigenous structures, which can be found in rural communities. These traditional buildings, typically constructed from local materials such as mud, wood, and thatch, are a perfect example of the resourcefulness and sustainability of early Ghanaian communities.
If you travel to rural areas in Ghana you can witness how these humble yet robust structures remain relevant even in modern times, with some of their principles still influencing contemporary architecture.
Key characteristics of indigenous Ghanaian architecture
Use of Local Materials
Larabanga Mosque
Indigenous Ghanaian structures were built primarily with natural materials found in the surrounding environment. Mud, wood, and thatch were the most common, chosen for their accessibility, affordability, and compatibility with the local climate.
Mud walls provided insulation from the heat, while thatched roofs offered excellent ventilation and rain protection.
A great example of this type of structure in Ghana is the Larabanga Mosque. A mud-brick mosque located in the Northern Region, built in the 16th century, exemplifying Islamic influence on traditional architecture.
Environmental Adaptability
These structures were designed to adapt to the harsh West African climate, which includes high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and humidity. Traditional Ghanaian architecture includes features such as raised floors to protect from flooding and steeply pitched thatch roofs to channel rainwater away, ensuring durability during the rainy season.
An example of such architecture can be found in the Western Region of Ghana, in The Nzema community of Amanzule, or most famously known as Nzulezu, literally meaning “on the water”.
Integration with Nature
Tongo Oasis, located in the Upper East Region of Ghana
Indigenous Ghanaian buildings are often integrated into the landscape, blending in harmony with their natural surroundings. Whether it’s the circular layout of a village or the positioning of homes to maximize shade, these structures reflect a deep respect for nature and the environment.
Tongo Oasis, considered one of the top sustainable hotels in Ghana, is a stunning resort situated approximately a 20 min drive from Bolgatanga. The perfect example in Ghana of building integrating with nature.
Cultural Significance
Indigenous architecture in Ghana goes beyond functionality; its designs are deeply connected with the country’s cultural values and social structures. Buildings were often designed to reflect the community’s beliefs and way of life. For example, roundhouses were commonly built in many parts of rural Ghana and were thought to represent unity and the cyclical nature of life.
These types of house can specially still be found also in the Northern Region, where tradition and culture are still very much preserved, and haven’t been so influenced by modern life and technology.
The Colonial Influence: Western Styles Meet Local Traditions
Elmina Castle
In the 15th century, European colonizers arrived in Ghana and introduced Western architectural styles that would dramatically alter the architectural landscape.
The most prominent examples of this colonial influence are the forts and castles located along the country’s coastline, such as Elmina Castle and Cape Coast Castle, currently one of the top tourist destinations in Ghana. A testament to colonial power, these structures were built to facilitate trade and control, and their intimidating presence is still evident today.
The colonial period also saw the construction of administrative buildings, churches, and residential houses using materials imported from Europe, such as brick and stone. European styles, such as Georgian and Victorian, were prominent during this era.
However, even in these colonial buildings, you can see subtle adaptations to the local climate—such as wide verandas and high ceilings—demonstrating the blending of foreign and local architectural practices.
Post-Independence Modernism: Architecture as a Symbol of Progress
Independence Arch in Accra
Ghana gained independence from Britain in 1957, marking the start of a new chapter in its architectural evolution. This post-independence period was characterized by a desire to modernize the country and express its newfound identity.
Inspired by international modernist movements, Ghanaian architects sought to create buildings that symbolize progress, functionality, and national pride.
Notable Post-Independence Structures
Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum
One of the most iconic post-independence structures is the Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum in Accra, which commemorates Ghana’s first president and his vision of a modern African nation. The sleek, marble-clad monument stands as a powerful symbol of the nation’s journey towards independence and modernization. It is a must-see museum in Accra.
Accra International Conference Centre
This building, with its minimalist design and practical layout, reflects the era’s modernist principles. It has become a central venue for conferences and events, underscoring Ghana’s position as a leader in West Africa.
Contemporary Ghanaian Architecture
Today, Ghana’s architectural scene is more dynamic than ever, with contemporary architects combining traditional elements with modern design principles to create innovative and culturally resonant buildings.
This blend of old and new is a perfect reinterpretation of Ghana’s architectural heritage while embracing new technologies and materials.
The National Cathedral: A Modern Landmark
The National Cathedral as Designed by David Adjaye
Perhaps the most striking example of this fusion is the National Cathedral in Accra, designed by internationally renowned Ghanaian-British architect Sir David Adjaye. This contemporary structure blends modernist design with references to traditional Ghanaian forms, such as the use of sweeping lines and symbolic motifs.
Once completed, the National Cathedral will not only serve as a place of worship but also as a cultural landmark that celebrates Ghana’s architectural innovation.
Sustainable Architecture: Looking to the Future
Ghana’s architectural future lies in sustainability, with architects increasingly focusing on eco-friendly designs that are energy-efficient and resilient. Many modern buildings incorporate local materials, such as timber and bamboo, alongside modern technologies like solar power, rainwater harvesting, and natural ventilation systems.
Ghana’s growing urban population, particularly in cities like Accra and Kumasi, presents new challenges and opportunities for architects. As the country continues to develop, there is an increasing demand for affordable housing and sustainable infrastructure, creating exciting prospects for architectural innovation.
Ghanaian Architecture where you can live
Green Views I apartments at night
Green Views Apartments in Accra, Ghana, offers a blend of modern luxury and architectural excellence. These residences feature spacious interiors with high ceilings, large windows, and stunning views of the surrounding pool and landscaped gardens. The apartments are finished with high-quality imported materials, appliances, and energy-efficient features.
The architectural style of Green Views is a contemporary interpretation of traditional Ghanaian design elements. Designed by Barcelona based architectural firm Bertran-Mertens Architects, its lines, geometric shapes, and natural materials create a harmonious balance between modern aesthetics and local culture. The buildings are designed to be earthquake-resistant and feature 24-hour security for added peace of mind.
Green Views II apartments
Located in the prestigious Airport Residential Area, one of the best neighborhoods in Accra, Green Views offers a convenient and secure lifestyle. Residents have easy access to top-rated schools, shopping centers, and entertainment venues. If you’re seeking a luxurious and comfortable home in Accra, Green Views II is also an excellent choice.
